C.V. Patrick J. Michaels 1010 Massachusetts Ave N.W. #1209 Washington DC 20001 EDUCATION A.B. Biological Sciences, 1971, University of Chicago S.M. Biology, 1975, University of Chicago Special Graduate Committee on Ecological Climatology, 1979 University of Wisconsin-Madison Dissertation: Atmospheric Anomalies and Crop Yields in North America PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE (Abbreviated) Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin, 1976-1979. Research and Project Assistant; Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Assistant Professor, 1980?1986 Associate Professor, 1986-1995 Professor, 1996-present Virginia State Climatologist 1980?2007 Senior Fellow in Environmental Studies, Cato Institute, 1992?Present Visiting Scientist, Marshall Institute, l996?Present PROFESSIONAL Sigma Xi, The Scientific Honor Society American Meteorological Society (Program Chair, Committee on Applied Climatology, 1988-9) (President, Central Virginia Chapter, 1986?87) American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association of State Climatologists (President, 1987?88; Executive Board, 1986?89) Association of American Geographers Who's Who Worldwide/Platinum l992?present American Library Association: ?Best Government Publications Worldwide? award in 1994 for Virginia Climate Advisory Association of American Geographers, 2003, co-author of climate science ?Paper of the Year". COURSES OF INSTRUCTION EVSC 172: The Greenhouse Effect and Public Policy EVSC 451: Undergraduate Synoptic Analysis EVSC 447: Applied Climatology EVAT 794: Climate-Ecosystem Dynamics EVAT 796: Advanced Climatology ACADEMIC COMMITTEE SERVICE (Completed or Current Major Professor Only) Paul J. Knappenberger, MS 1990 David Stooksbury, 1992 Harry Lins, 1992 Peter Schwartzman, 1997 Steven Gawtry, Program PUBLICATIONS Senior Author unless otherwise noted *Refereed Serial Publication, Book, or Book Chapter **Conference Proceeding with Prescreened Review Report 1977. A Predictive Model for Wheat Yield in Sonora, Mexico. University of Wisconsin, Institute for Environmental Studies, Report #73. University of Wisconsin--Madison, 53706. 17pp. 1977. An Aggregated National Model for Wheat Yield in India. University of Wisconsin, Institute for Environmental Studies, Report #74. University of Wisconsin-?Madison, 53706. 1978. A Predictive Model for Winter Wheat Yield in the U.S. Great Plains. University of Wisconsin, Institute for Environmental Studies, Report #94. University of Wisconsin--Madison, 53706. 1979. A Simple Large Area Crop/Climate Model for United States Winter Wheat. American Meteorological Society, 14th Conf. on Agric. and For. Meteor., Amer. Met. Soc., Minneapolis MN, pp 1981. The Climatic Sensitivity of 'Green Revolution' Wheat Culture in Sonora, Mexico, Envi. Consv. 8, 307?312.* 1981. Virginia's Climate. University of Virginia News Letter, Vol. 57, no.5, 17?20. (B.P. Hayden, Senior 1981. Comparison of the Climatic Sensitivity of "Green Revolution" Wheat Culture to that in the United States Great Plains. American Meteorological Society, 15th Conf. on Agric. and For. Meteor., Amer. Met. Soc., Anaheim CA, 1982. The Response of the 'Green Revolution' to Climatic Variability. Cli. Change 4, 255?271.* 1982. Five Tropical Systems on Similar Tracks. Mon. Wea. Rev. 110, 883-885.* 1982. Atmospheric Pressure Patterns, Climatic Change, and Winter Wheat Yields in North America. Geoforum 13, 263-273.* 1982. Determination of the Climatic Component of Southern Pine Beetle Host Susceptibility with Multivariate Statistical Methods. Progress Report, USDA Cooperative Agreement 59/2513/1/3/006/0. 1982. Statistical?Dynamic Models for Virginia Corn Yields. Final Report, USDA Cooperative Agreement 50pp., and addendum of 1983. Weather and the Southern Pine Beetle in Atlantic Coastal and Piedmont Regions. American Meteorological Society, 16th Conf. on Agric. and For. Meteor., Amer. Met. Soc., Fort Collins CO, pp 1983. Statistical-Dynamic Models for Virginia Corn Crops. American Meteorological Society, 16th Conf on Agric. and For. Meteor., Amer. Met. Soc., Fort Collins CO, pp 150-153. (T.J. Smith, Senior Author)** 1983. Improved Specification of the Climatic Component of Southern Pine Beetle Host Susceptibility with Multivariate Statistical Methods. Progress Report, Cooperative Agreement 5-29309. 1983. Temporal and Spatial Changes in Mesoscale Climatic Patterns. American Meteorological Society, 2nd Conf. on Climatic Variations, Amer. Met. Soc., New Orleans LA, p20.?r 1983. Price, Weather and "Acreage Abandonment" in Western Great Plains Wheat Culture. J. Clim. and Appl. Met.22, 1296?1303.* 1983. Climate and High Yielding Variety Wheat Yields. Geoforum 14, 441-446.* 1984. Modification of MOS-Derived Thunderstorm Probabilities over Complex Terrain with Continental Scale Upper Air Data. American Meteorological Society, 10th Conference on Weather Forecasting and Analysis. Amer. Met. Soc., Tampa FL, pp 160?164**. 1984. Estimating the Future Areal Coverage of Pine Beetle Infestations over large areas: An Integrated Approach. Progress Report, USDA IPM Program on Bark Beetles. 1984. Climate and the Southern Pine Beetle in Atlantic Coastal and Piedmont Regions. Forest Science 30, 143-156.* 1984. Statistical Relations between Summer Thunderstorm Patterns and Continental Mid?Tropospheric Heights. Mon. Wea. Rev. 112, 778?789.* 1985. Economic and Climatic Factors in "Acreage Abandonment" over Marginal Cropland. Climatic Change 6, 185-202.* 1985. An Automated Objective Prediction Package for the Spread of Southern Pine Beetle. 17th Conf. on Agric. and For. Meteor., American Meteorological Society, Scottsdale AZ, 1985. Sea-Breeze Induced Mesoscale Systems and Severe Severe Weather. Progress Report to National Aeronautics and Space Administration. 1985. Objective Prediction of Climate?Related Changes in the Distribution of Southern Pine Beetle. IN: Branham, S. J., and R. C. Thatcher, Integrated Pest Management Research Symposium: The Proceedings. USDA Southern Forest Experiment Station General Technical Report 80?56, pp 1985. An Automated Prediction Package for Southern Pine Beetle. User's Guide. Southern Forest Experiment Station, Pineville, Louisiana. 34pp. (Philip J. Stenger, Senior 1985. Anomalous Mid?Atmospheric Heights and Persistent Thunderstorm Patterns over Florida. J. Climatol. 5, 529-542.* 1986. Timeliness and Accuracy of a Series of Empirical Crop/Climate Models under Extreme Conditions. Int. Jour. Ecol. and Environ. Stud. 12, 19?34. (T.J. Smith, Senior Author)* 1986. Commentary on "The Cumulative Impacts of Human Activities on the Atmosphere." In Cumulative Environmental Effects: A Binational Perspective, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1986. Climatological Considerations for Siting a Repository for High?Level Nuclear Waste in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Report to the Governor's Task Force on the Repository Project. 1986. Program to Assess the Likelihood of Major Changes in the Distribution of Southern Pine Beetle. S. Jour. App. For. 10, 158-161.* 1986. Southwide Modelling of Southern Pine Beetle Coverage Changes with Temperature and Objective Moisture Status Indicators. Theor. Appl Clim. 37, 39-50.* 1987. Climate and the Eastern Repository for High Level Nuclear Waste. Proceedings, 5th Conf. on Appl. Clim., American Meteorological Society, Baltimore MD, 1987. Surrogate 500mb heights: An Objective Determinant of Climatic Change? Proceedings, 5th Conf. on Appl. Clim., American Meteorological Society, Baltimore MD, 1987. The Predictability of Sea-Breeze Generated Thunderstorms. World Meteorological Society Int'l Workshop on Rain Producing Systems in the Tropics and Extra?Tropics. World Meteor. Org. symp, pp unknown. (R. A. Pielke, Senior Author)** 1987. Hurricanes, Droughts, and Southeastern Crop Yields. Proceedings, Southeastern Drought Symposium, Columbia SC. SC St. Climatology Pub G-30, 14?18 (Paul C. Knappenberger, Senior 1987. Modelling the Climate Dynamics of Tree Death. Bioscience 37, 603?610.* 1987. Climate and the Eastern Repository: A Comparative Study. Environ. Man. 15, 627-636.* 1987. Composite Climatology of Florida Summer Thunderstorms. Mon. Wea. Rev. 115, 2781- 2791.* 1987. Nonthermometric Measurement of Secular Climatic Variability. Dial.2, (1). 7pp.* 1988. Nonthermometric Measurement of Recent Temperature Variability over the Coterminous United States, Southern Canada, and Alaska. CIRA Symposium on Climatic Change, Fort Collins, Colorado, 1988. Simulation Models of Forest Succession. In: Rosswall, T., Woodmansee, R.G., and P. G. Risser, Eds., Scales and Global Change, SCOPE #39, J. Wiley, New York, Shugart, Senior Author)* 1988. Anthropogenic Warming in North Alaska? J. Climate 1, 942-945.* 1988. Origin and Destination of Pollutant-Bearing Airstreams Impacting and Exiting the Commonwealth of Virginia. Final Report to Virginia Air Pollution Control Board. 131pp. Additional Technical Appendix, 1989. Atmospheric Pollutant Transport: Take it or Leave it. Proceedings, 6th Conference on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Charleston SC, pp 80-83 (P.J. Stenger, Senior 1989 Regional 500mb Heights Prior to the Radiosonde Era. Proceedings, 6th Conference on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Charleston SC, pp l84-187**. 1989. Testimony to the U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Energy and Power. U. S. Government Printing Office, Serial No. 010-31, 78-86. 1989. Testimony to the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate. U.S. Government Printing Office. S. 101?184, pp 254-262. 1989. The Greenhouse Effect: Chicken Little and our Response to "Global Warming". J. Forestry 87, 35-39.* 1989. The Science and Politics of Global Change. 7th International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, University of Pittsburgh, Vol 1, 1989. Crisis in Politics of Global Climate Change Looms on the Horizon. Forum for Appl. Res. and Pub. Policy, 4, 14-23.* 1990. The Science and Politics of the Greenhouse Effect: Collision Course? In Environmental Consequences of Energy Production, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 1990. I Remember Camille. Mar. Wea. Log, 34, 8?11.* 1990. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Change: Review and Reappraisal. Int. Jour. Envi. Stud. 36, 55-71.* 1990. Climatic Change and Climatic Uncertainty: A Regional Perspective. Proceedings, let meeting, Advisory Committee on Water Data for Public Use, U.S. Geological Survey, New Orleans, LA, 1990. Regional 500mb Heights and U.S. 1000-500mb Thickness Prior to the Radiosonde Era. Theor. Appl. Climatol. 42, 149~154.* 1990. Global Climate Change and the U. 8. Southeast: Much More Research is Needed. Proceedings: Global Change: A Southern Perspective, Southeast Regional Climate Center, Charleston SC, 41?59. 1991. The Predictability of Sea-Breeze Generated Thunderstorms. Atmosfera 4, 65?78. (R.A. Pielke, Senior Author)* 1991. Global Warming and Coal: The New J. Coal Qual., 10, 1-11.* 1991. Global Warming: The Data Driven Consensus. Proceedings, 7th Conf. on Appl. Clim., Amer. Meteor. Soc., Salt Lake City, 1991. The Political Science of Global Warming. Proceedings, Conference on Environmental Issues, Cato Institute, Washington DC. 1991. Global Warming: Beyond the Popular Consensus. In Thompson, P., Editor, Global Warming, The Debate, Wiley, Chichester, England, pp 13-20. 1991. Global Warming: The New National Academy of Sciences Report. Regulation 14, 20-23.* 1991. Global Pollution's Silver Lining. New Scientist 132, 40-45.* 1991. Cluster Analysis of Southeastern U. S. Climate Stations. Theor. Appl. Clim. 44, 143-150. (D. E. Stooksbury, Senior Author)* 1992. Apocalypse Not Now: Science, Politics, and Global Warming (Part 1).Jour. Regulation and Social Costs, 2, 77-98.* 1992. The Failure of the Popular Vision of Global Warming. Ariz. Jour. of Int. and Comp. Law 9, 1992. Apocalypse Not Now: Science, Politics, and Global Warming (Part 2). Jour. Regulation and Social Costs, 2, 5?32.* 1992. Global Warming: A Reduced Threat? Bull. Amer. Met. Soc.73, 1563-1577. 1992. Climatic Change in Mixed Layer Trajectories over Large Regions. Theor. Appl. Clim. 45, 167-175. (P.J. Stenger, Senior Author)* 1992 Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming, Cato, Washington DC, 196pp.* 1992. Cyclone Tracks and Wintertime Climate in the Midatlantic Region of the U.S.A. Int. Jour Clim. 13, 509?531. (P.C. Knappenberger, Senior Author) 1993. Global Warming: Beyond the Popular Vision. In Majumdar, S. K., et al., Eds: Global Climate Change: Implications, Challenges, and Mitigation Measures, Penn. Acad. of Sci. 100-116.* 1993. Global Warming: Facts vs. the Popular Vision. In Boaz, D., and E. H. Crane, Eds: Market Liberalism: A Paradigm for the 21st Century. Cato, Washington DC, 341-362* 1993. Global Warming: Popular Vision vs. Scientific Fact, Electric Perspectives, 17, 1993. Enhancement of Large-Area Corn Yields by Anthropogenerated Climate Change. 8th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Anaheim CA, 38-40 (D. Stooksbury, Senior 1993. Regional and Seasonal Analyses of Ground?Based and Satellite Sensed Temperatures: Where's the Warming? 8th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Anaheim CA, 1993. Climate History during the Recent Greenhouse Enhancement. In Geyer, R. Editor: A Global Warming Forum: Scientific, Economic, and Legal Overview, 297-315. 1993. Benign Greenhouse. Research and Exploration 15, 222-233* 1993. The Receding Threat from Global Warming. Global Change Research Forum, U.S. Geological Survey, March, 1991, 1993 Review of: Greenhouse-Gas-Induced Climate Change: A Critical Appraisal of Simulations and Observations. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. 74, 856-857.* 1993. Reply to Comment on BAMS article . Bull. Amer. Met. Soc. 74, 856?857.* 1993. Global Warming: Failed Forecasts and Politicized Science. Proceedings, 17th Biennial Low?Rank Fuels Symposium, University of North Dakota, 53?73. (Not same as Environmental Engineer, below)** 1993 (published in 1994) Predicted and Observed Long Night and Day Temperature Trends. In Kukla, G., et al., eds. Asymetric Change of Daily Temperature Range. U.S. Dept. of Energy, College Park MD, 399-413. 1993. Testimony to the Foreign Affairs Committee, U.S. House of Representatives. 1994. Global Warming: Failed Forecasts and Politicized Science. Environmental Engineer 30, 11?22.* 1994. Increasing U.S. Streamflow Linked to Greenhouse Forcing. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 75, 281-285. (H. Lins, Senior Author)* 1994 in Press. Science, Environment, and the Law. A Roundtable Discussion. Ecology Law Quarterly 21.* 1994. Increasing Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Is there a Trend? Science 264, 1341-1342.* 1994. Climate Change and Large-Area Corn Yields in the Southeastern U.S., Agronomy Journal 86, 564-569 (D.E. Stooksbury, Senior Author).* 1994. Global Warming: Failed Forecasts and Politicized Science. Waste Management 14, 89-95; Reprint of Environmental Engineer (1994) publication.* 1994 . General Circulation Models: Testing the Forecast. Technology: Journal of the Franklin Institute 331A, 123-133.* 1994. Climate Variations and the Greenhouse Effect. Proceedings, Air and Waste Management Association, Phoenix, Arizona 1995. Predicted and Observed Long Night and Day Temperature Trends. Atmospheric Research, 37, 257-266. 1995. Night Warming, Sulfate Aerosols, and GCM Forecasts. Preprints, 9th Conference on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Dallas TX, 1995. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Change: Review and Reappraisal. In Simon, J., Editor, The State of Humanity, Blackwell, Oxford 544?564. 1995. The Climate-Change Debacle: The Perils of Politicizing Science. In Cromartie, M., Creation at Risk: Religion, Science, and the New Environmentalism Edrmans, Cambridge, 37-54.* 1995. The Satanic Gases: Political Science of the Greenhouse Effect. Economic Affairs 16, 19-27.* 1995. Essay on Sustainable Development and Environmental Regulation. Our Planet 7 (3). United Nations Environment Program, Nairobi. 1995. Questionable Policy Based on Uncertain Science: Global Warming and the Rio Climate Treaty. The State Factor 21, (6), American Legislative Exchange Council, Washington DC. 1996. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change and the Scientific "Consensus" on Global Warming. In: Emsley, J., Editor, The Global Warming Debate, Bourne Press, Bournemouth, 158-178.* 1996. Observed Changes in the Diurnal Temperature and Dewpoint Cycles across the United States. Geophysical Research Letters 23, 2637-2640. (P.C. Knappenberger, Senior Author)* 1996. Human Influence on Global Climate? Nature 384, 522-523. 1996. A Closer Look at the Greenhouse "Fingerprint". American Geophys. Union. Fall 1996 meeting, paper 1996. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the Scientific "Consensus" on Global Warming. Energy Environment 7, 333-348. Reprint of 1996 Book Chapter cited above.* 1997. Global Warming: Subtle or Sulfates? 8th Symposium on Global Change Studies, American Meteorological Society, Long Beach CA, 1997. Science under Siege. Environment 39, 3-4* 1997. Testimony to the Subcommittee on International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion, of the Foreign Relations Committee, United States Senate, 6/97. 1997. The Search for an Explanation of the Apparent Lack of Dramatic and Damaging Global Warming. Countdown to Kyoto, Monash University, Canberra, Australia.** 1997. (text changed from previous citation), 10th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Reno NV, 244-247**. 1997. Testimony to the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, 11/97. 1998. The Decline and Fall of Global Warming. Jobs and Capital 6, 6-13.* 1998. Analysis of Winter and Summer Warming Rates in Gridded Temperature Time Series. Climate Research, 9, 175-181. (R.C. Balling, Senior Author)* 1998. Teaching About Climate Change. Energy Exchange, Spring issue, 1998. Analysis of Trends in the Variability of Daily and Historical Temperatures. Climate Research, 10, 27-33.* 1998. Observed Changes in the Diurnal Dewpoint Cycles across North America. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 2265-2268 (P. D. Schwartzman, Senior Author].* 1998. Global Warming: The Political Science of Exaggeration. Prometheus 1, 63-70. Invited for premier issue of journal.* 1999. Greenhouse Warming in Cold Anticyclones. 15th Intl. Cong. on BiometeorOlOgy, Sydney, Australia. pp. Forthcoming.** 1999. Decadal Changes in Weather/Human Mortality Relationships in U.S. Cities. 15th. Intl. Cong. on Biometeorology, Sydney,Austra1ia. pp. Forthcoming.** 2000. Overview of Extratropical Cyclones. In Pielke, R.A., Sr. and Jr., eds, Storms. Routledge, 401-426. (R.E. Davis, Senior Author)* 2000. Observed Warming in Cold Anticyclones. Climate Research 14, 2000. The Satanic Gases. Cato Books, Washington DC. 234pp.* 2000. Anticyclonic Warming. 12th Conf. On Applied Climatology, Amer. Met. Soc., Asheville NC, 2000. Decadal Changes in Summer Mortality in the United States. 12th Conf. On Applied Climatology, Amer. Met. Soc., Asheville, NC, 2000. The Way of Warming. Regulation 23 (3), 10-16.* 2000. Global Warming: An Issue Whose Time is Past. ENO Transportation Forum, Washington DC, 2000. Climate Change and Atmospheric Circulation in the Pacific. 8lst Ann. Mtg., Pacific Division, Ashland OR (R.E. Davis, Senior 2000. Natural Signals in the MSU Lower Tropospheric Temperature Record. Geophysical Research Letters 27, 2905?2908.* 2000. AARST Science Policy Forum, New York. Social Epistemology 14, 133-186. (J.E. Hansen, Senior Author).* 2001. Assessment of Uncertainties of predicted global climate change modelling: Panel 1. Technology 7, 231-256. (R.Balling, Senior Author)* 2000. Decadal Shifts in Summer Weather/Mortality Relationships in the United 2001 2001 2001 2001 States by Region, Demography, and Cause of Death. 14th Conf. On Biometeorology and Aerobiology, American Meteorological Society, Davis CA, Development of a Discriminant Analysis Mixed Precipitation (DAMP) Forecast Model for Mid-Atlantic Winter Storms. Weather and Forecsting 16, 248?259. (J. D. Hux, Senior Author)* A Spatial Comparison of Decadal Trends in Weather-Human Mortality Relationships across the Continental United States. Invited Paper, 97th Annual Meeting of the Association of American Geographers, New York. The Nature of Observed Climate Changes across the United States during The 20th Century. Climate Research 17, 45?53.* Integrated Projections of Future Warming based upon Observed Climate During the Greenhouse Enhancement. Intl. Conf on Global Warming and The Next Ice Age, American Meteorological Society, Halifax NS, l62-l67** 2001 Global Warming Converage Melts Down. World and I 16, 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2001 Global Warming: An Objective Overview. In Eaton, D.J., Ed., Global Warming and the Kyoto Accord. Lyndon Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas-Austin, 17-26.* On Seasonal Differences in weather?related mortality trends in the United States. 13th Conf. On Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Portland OR, (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) 2002 Rational Analysis of Trends in Extreme Temperature and Precipitation. 13th Conf. On Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Portland OR, 153-158** Changes in Heat-related Human Mortality in the Eastern United States. Climate Research 22, 175-184.* (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) Revised 21St Century Temperature Predictions. Climate Research 23, Abrupt Climate Noise. Energy and Environment 13, 19-20.* Development of a Discriminant Analysis Mixed Precipitation (DAMP) Forecast Model for mid-Atlantic Winter Storms. 13th Conf. On Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Portland OR, (J.D. Hux, Senior Author) Climate Change Adaptations: Trends in Human Mortality Responses to Summer Heat in the United States. 15th conf on Biometeorology, Aerobiology, Kansas City, Paper 9Bl.** (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). 2002 Spatial Pattern of Human Mortality Seasonality in U.S. Cities since 1964. 15th Conf. Of Biometeorology, Aerobiology, Kansas City, Paper (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). 2003 Do Facts Matter Anymore? Energy and Environnment 14, 323-326.* 2003 Science or Political Science? An Assessment of the U.S. National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. In Gough, M., Ed., Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking. Hoover, Palo Alto. 313pp.* 2003 Das logische Paradigma einer gemaisigen glbalen Erwarming. VDI- Energietecknik, Koln, Germany, 2003 Test for harmful collinearity among predictor variables used in modeling global temperature. Climate Research 24, 15-18.* (D.H. Douglass, Senior Author) 2003 Decadal changes in summer mortality in U.S. cities. Inter. Jour Biomet. 47, 166-175* (R. E. Davis, Senior Author). 2003 Changing heat-related mortality in the United States. Envir. Health Perspectives 111, 1712-1718.* (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) Climate Science ?Paper of the Y?ar?, Association of American Gaographers. 2003 Winter mortality, climate, and climate change in U.S. Cities. 37th Canadian Met. And Ocean. Soc. Cong., Ottawa, Ontario, (R.E. Davis, senior author) 2004 Trends in Precipitation on the Wettest Days of the Year across the Contiguous United States. Int. J. Climatology 24, 1873-1882.* 2004 Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media. Cato Books, Washington 272pp illustrations. 2004 Economic Signals in Global Temperature Histories. 14th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Seattle WA. Paper no. J1.1. 2004 A Test for Corrections for Extraneous Signals in Gridded Surface Temperature Data.* (R. McKittrick, Senior Author)Climate Research 26, 159-174. 2004 Changing Heatwave Mortality in U.S. Cities.** (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) 14th Conf. on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Seattle WA. Paper no J8.4. 2004 Seasonality of Climate-human Mortality Relationships in U.S. Cities and Impacts of Climate Change.* (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) Climate Research 26, 61- 76. 2004 Heat Wave Mortality in Large U.S. Cities.** (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) 16th Conf. on Biometeorology and Aerobiology, American Meteorological Society, Vancouver BC. Paper no A6.3. 2004 Disparity of Tropospheric and Surface Temperature Trends: New Evidence. (D.H. Douglass, Senior Author) Geophysical Res. Lett. 31 doi: 2005 Extended Comment On: ?Impacts of COZ-Induced Warming on Simulated Hurricane Intensity and Precipitation: Sensitivity to the Choice of Model and Convective Scheme". JOurnal of Climate, 18, 5179-5182.* Michaels, P.J., 2005. Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming. Rowman and Littlefield, Lanham MD. 304pp.* 2005 False Impressions: Misleading Statements, Glaring Omissions, and Erroneous Conclusions in the Summary for Policymakers, 2001. In Shattered Consensus, pp 2005 Sea Surface Temperature and Tropical Cyclone Intensity: Breaking the Paradignu (R.E. Davis, Senior Author) 15th Conference (X1 Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Savannah GA, June 19-23. Paper 2005 Changing Heat Wave Sensitivity in U.S. Cities. 15? Conference On Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, Savannah GA, June 19-23. Paper 2005 Ozone: Unrealistic Scenarios (J. Schwartz, Senior Author). Environmental Health Perspectives 113, A86-87. 2005 Evidence of Adaptation to Increasing Heat Wave Intensity and Duration in U.S. Cities (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). 17? International Congress on Biometeorologyr Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Bavaria, Germany, September 5?9 (conference presentation). 2006 Global Warming and Atlantic Hurricanes (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). 2006 Annual Meeting, .Association. of American Geographers, Chicago IL, March 7?11 (conference presentation). 2006 Sea-surface Temperatures and Tropical Cyclones in the Atlantic Basin. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L09708, doi;: 2006 Observed Changes in North Atlantic Hurricane Frequency and Intensity using a Multivariate Model (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). Annual Meeting, Association of American Geographers, San Francisco (conference presentation). 2007 Reply to ?Comments on ?Sea-surface Temperatures and Tropical Cyclones in the Atlantic Basin. Geophysical Research Letters 34, LO6703. doi: 2007 11 Mortality?Based Heat Wave Climatology* for U.S. Cities (R.E. Davis, Senior Author). 16? Conference on Applied Climatology, American Meteorological Society, San Antonio TX (conference presentation). 2007 Quantifying the Influence of Anthropogenic Surface Processes and Inhomogeneities on Gridded Global Climate Data (R.R. McKitrick, Senior Author). Journal of Geophysical Research 112, D24SO9, 2008 Evidence for ?Publication Bias? Concerning Global Warming in Science and Nature. Energy Environment 19, 287?301. INVITED LECTURES AND TESTIMONY Environmental Sciences Department Seminar, 1980, 1986 (Univ. of Virginia) New Mexico State University, 1981 (Las Cruces NM) Virginia Farm Bureau, 1981, 1982, 1983 Virginia Small Grains Conference, 1981, 1988 (Fredericksburg, Williamsburg) Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Seminar, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1992 (Univ. of Virginia) Sigma Xi, University of Virginia, 1982 Economics Honor Society, J. Madison University, 1983 (Harrisonburg) Colorado State University, Atm. Sci. Dept. Seminar 1983 (Fort Collins CO) Virginia Tech Short Course on Viticulture, 1984 (Charlottesville) American Meteorological Society, Central Virginia Chapter, 1984 (Charlottesville) National Academy of Sciences, Commission on Life Life Sciences, 1985 (Toronto) University of Virginia Institute of Government, 1985 University of Virginia Blandy Experimental Farm, 1986 (Boyce) Virginia Mosquito Control Commission, 1986 (Williamsburg) Virginia Water Resources Research Center, 1986 (2), 1988 (Blacksburg) Virginia Air Pollution Control Board, 1986 (Virginia Beach) Virginia Tech Extension Service, 1987, 1988 (Williamsburg) Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, 1987 (Fort Collins) Virginia Agricultural Chemical and Soil Fert. Assn. 1988 (Norfolk) U.S. Geological Survey, Advisory Committee on Water Data, 1988 (New Orleans) University of Delaware, Geography Dept. Seminar 1988 (Newark DE) Moderator, U.S. Drought Symposium, The Weather Channel, 1988 (Atlanta) U.S. National Climate Program, Panel on Climate Trends, 1988 (Washington) College Special Lecture, 1988 Sigma Xi, U.S. Department of Energy, 1988 (Germantown MD) American Society of Chemical Engineers, 1988 (Charlottesville) South Carolina Water Resources Commission, 1988 (Columbia SC) Virginia Mathematics and Science Center, 1988 (Richmond) Scripps Institute of Oceanography, 1988 (Lake Arrowhead CA) Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board, 1989 (Virginia Beach) Virginia State Feed Association, 1989 (Williamsburg) U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Energy and Power, 1989 Brookings Institution, 1989 (Williamsburg) American Society of Civil Engineers, 1989 (Richmond) Federal Executive Institute Alumni Association, 1989 VA) Executive Board, National Coal Association, 1989 (Phoenix AZ) U.S. Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, 1989 U.S. Department of State, Foreign Service Institute, 1989 VA) Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1989 (Richmond) National Association of Home Builders, 1989 (Washington) American Meteorological Society, Committee on Broadcast Meteorology, 1989 (Ft. Lauderdale FL) Georgia and North Carolina Textile Manufacturing Association, 1989 (Naples FL) The Eris Society, 1989 (Aspen CO) University of Texas, Conference on Energy Futures, 1989 (Arlington TX) Western Fuels Association Annual Meeting, 1989 (Denver) 7th International Pittsburgh Coal Conference, 1989 U. S. Department of State, Seminar on Current Affairs, 1989 VA) Edison Electric Institute, 1989. (Washington) Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Association, 1989 (Charlottesville) University of Illinois, Annual Energy Conference, 1989 (Chicago) The Keystone Center, 1989 (Washington) National Governor's Conference, 1989 (United Nations NY) Basin Electric Power Cooperative, 1989 (Bismarck ND) Bennington College, Bennington in New York Seminar, 1989 (New York NY) Virginia Tech Turkey Days, 1989 (Harrisonburg) North Carolina State University MEAS Seminar, 1990 (Raleigh NC) Illinois Power Corporation, 1990 (Decatur IL) Georgia Southern University, Conference on Global Issues, 1990 (Statesboro GA) Virginia Division of Forestry, 1990 (Wakefield) West Richmond's Businessmen's Association, 1990 Southeastern Climate Symposium, 1990 (Charleston SC) American Meteorological Society, 1990 (Washington) Virginia Council on the Environment/Virginia Education Association, 1990 (Wakefield) American Meteorological Society, 1990 (Richmond) Virginia Mathematics and Science Center, 1990 (Richmond) Missouri Governor's Conference on Natural Resources, 1990 (Columbia MO) Consumer Alert, National Press Club, 1990 (Washington)* Virginia Emergency Services Conference on Severe Weather, 1990 (Roanoke) North Carolina Coal Institute, 1990 (Southern Pines NC) The Brookings Institution, 1990 (Williamsburg) Pacific Research Institute, 1990 (San Francisco CA) Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Association, 1990 (Winchester) American Association of State Climatologists, 1990 (Atlantic City NJ) Grand Rounds, Western State Hospital, 1990 (Staunton) Penn Ag Industries Annual Meeting, 1990 (State College PA) Kentucky Coal Operators Association, 1990 (Pikeville KY) Council of Industrial Boilermakers, 1990 (Orlando FL) Chemical Manufacturers Association, 1990 (Washington) Maryland Chemical Industry Council, 1990 (Baltimore) American Water Resources Association, 1990 (Denver) Hillsdale College, 1990 (Hillsdale MI) National Coal Association, 1990 (Washington) Virginia Division of Forestry, 1991 (Luray) American Meteorological Society, 1991 (Richmond) Virginia Coal Council, 1991 (Richmond) Virginia Tech, Corn and Soybean Conference, 1991 (Williamsburg) Virginia Mosquito Control Association, 1991 (Williamsburg) National Press Club, 1991 (Washington)* American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1991 (Washington) U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on Health and the Environment, 1991 Brookings Institution, 1991 (Williamsburg) Strategy Europe, 1991 (London, England) U.S. Senate, Committee on the Environment and Public Works, 1991 U.S. Geological Survey, Annual Global Change Meeting, 1991 (Reston) Virginia Tech, Horticulture Department Seminar, 1991 (Blacksburg) College, 1991 U. Of Nevada, Distinguished Civil Engineering Lecture, 1991 (Reno) Resource Data International, 1991 Beach SC) Smithsonian Institution, 1991 (Edgewater MD) Chesapeake Bay Environmental Association, 1991 (Annapolis MD) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1991 (Washington) Cato Institute, 1991 (Washington) Nova Scotia Minister's Task force on Clean Air, 1991 (Halifax, NS) North Carolina Coal Institute, 1991 Beach SC) National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, 1991 (Washington DC) AMAX Energy Corporation, 1991 (French Lick IN) Virginia, Maryland, Delaware Assn. of Electric Cooperatives,1991 (Hot Springs VA) Consolidation Coal Corporation,l991 (Hidden Valley PA) United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 1991 (Asheville NC) American Meteorological Society, Comm. on Applied Climatology, 1991 (Salt Lake City UT) Brookings Institution, 1991 (Williamsburg) Cincinnati Gas and Electric, 1991 (Lexington KY) Doctors for Disaster Preparedness, 1991 (Las Vegas NV) Virginia Mining and Reclamation Association, 1991 (Powell Valley) Chief Executive Conference on Global Warming, 1991 (Minneapolis) Southern Minnesota Municipal Power, Annual Meeting, 1991 (Minneapolis) AMAX Energy Corporation Executive Conference, 1991 (Sheridan WY) West Virginia Coal Conference, 1991 (Charleston WV) Virginia State Corporation Commission, 1991 (Williamsburg) American Meteorological Society,Raleigh, 1991 North Carolina Science Teachers Association, 1991 (Raleigh NC) Norfolk International Coal Conference, 1991 AMAX Energy Corporation Executive Conference (Indianapolis IN) National Association of Manufacturers, 1991 (New Orleans)* Science Museum of Western Virginia, 1991 (Roanoke) Norfolk Southern Corporation Executive Conference, 1992 (Charleston SC) University of Arizona, College of Law, 1992 (Tucson) Chief Operating Executive Conference on Global Warming, 1992 (Phoenix AZ) National Aerosol Association, 1992 (Naples FL) United Ski Industries Association, 1992 (1) Mt. Snow VT, 2) Squaw Creek CA) National Association of Manufacturers, 1992 (Naples Dartmouth College, Seminar on Environmental Issues, 1992 North Dakota State University, National Agromarketing Association, 1992 (Fargo) Massie Coal Corporation, Executive Conference, 1992 (Charleston WV) American Feed Grain Association Annual Meeting, 1992 (Palm Springs CA) Blue Ridge Community College Horticulture Seminar, 1992 National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, 1992 (Hilton Head SC) Indiana Coal Mining Institute, 1992 (Owensboro KY) Arizona Electric Power Cooperative, 1992 (Tuscon AZ) U.S. Chamber of Commerce, 1992 (Washington Virginia Petroleum Council, 1992 (Richmond) Society of American Foresters, 1992 (Waynesboro VA) Eastern Fuel Buyers Association, 1992 (Williamsburg) U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on the Environment, 1992 American Farm Bureau Annual Meeting, 1992 (Washington) Economic Club of Detroit 1992* Illinois Chamber of Commerce, 1992 (Chicago) Experimental Aircraft Association, 1992 (Staunton VA) U.S. House of Representatives, Republican Study Group, 1992 Heritage Foundation, 1992 (Washington DC) American Legislative Exchange Council, 1992 (Harrisburg PA) Pacific Northwest Grain and Feed Association, 1992 (Spokane WA) Wyoming Mining Association, 1992 (Jackson WY) Teachers on the Bay Program, 1992 (Tappahannock VA) Nuclear Effects Conference, 1992 (New Orleans) West Virginia University/Dept. of 1992 (Morgantown WV) Norfolk Southern Corporation, 1992 (Norfolk VA) National Park Service, Seminar on Global Change Research Strategies, 1992, Virginia Power, 1992 (Richmond) University of North Dakota, Energy and Environment Research Center, 1992 (Bismarck ND) Amax Energy Corporation, 1992 (Evansville IN) Highway User's Council, 1992 (Harrisburg) American Electric Power, 1992 (Columbus OH) Indiana Energy Forum, 1992 (Indianapolis) Burlington Northern Industries Executive Conference, 1992 (Fort Worth TX) Association of American Railroads, Legislative Conference, 1992 (Palm Beach FL) Sand County Foundation, 1992 (Baraboo WI) Society of Professional Journalists, Section on Environmental Journalism, 1992 (Baltimore) Edison Electric Institute, 1992 (Washington) Cato Institute, 1992 (Washington Alabama Electric Power Cooperative, 1/93 (Orange Beach AL) American Policy Center, 2/93 (Washington) Cato Institute, Annual Benefactors Meeting, 2/93 (Palm Springs CA) World Coal Conference, 2/93 (New Orleans) American Public Power Association, 2/93 (Washington DC) Virginia Tech Bordeaux Seminar 3/93 (Charlottesville) Washington University 4/93 (St. Louis) American Mining Congress 4/93 (Pittsburgh) Maine Conservation Rights Institute 4/93 (Bangor) American Legislative Exchange Council 4/93 (Orange Beach AL) Millers National Federation 5/93 (Williamsburg) James Madison University 5/93 University of North Dakota 5/93 (St. Louis MO) Cato Institute 5/93 (Washington) Mid-America Regulatory Conference 6/93 (Austin TX) European Academy of Ecology 6/93 (Mannheim, Germany) Summit University, 7/93 (Corwin Springs, MT) Virginia Forage and Grassland Council, 7/93 (Blacksburg) American Legislative Exchange Council, 8/93 (Traverse City MI) Virginia Tech, Department of Geology and Geophysics, 9/93 The Federalist Society, 9/93 (Washington DC) Undergraduate Seminar, University of Virginia, 9/93 5th Natural Gas Industry Forum, 9/93 (Quebec City) Minimax Conference, U.S. Dept of Commerce, 9/93 (College Park MD) University of Delaware, Geography Department, 9/93 National Order of Women Legislators, 10/93 (New York) Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Environmental Quality, 10/93 (Richmond) Virginia Division of Forestry, 10/93 (Charlottesville) Annual Meeting, Amvest Corporation, 10/93 (Charlottesville) Virginia Association of Science Teachers, 11/93 (Williamsburg) Kentucky Mining Institute, 11/93 (Lexington) Denver Coal Club, 11/93 Annual Meeting, Ashland Oil Corporation, 11/93 (Cincinnati) American Legislative Exchange Council, National Orientation Seminar, 12/93 (Washington) Virginia Tech, Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Sciences, 12/93 Virginia Tech, Science and Technology Studies, 12/93 Committee on the Environment, Missouri General Assembly, 1/94 (Jefferson City) Virginia Feed Association, 1/94 (Williamsburg) Global Climate Coalition, 1/94 (Washington) Kansas State Corporation Commission, 2/94 (Topeka) Indiana Mineral Aggregates Association, 2/94 (Indianapolis) Virginia Corn and Soybean Association, 2/94 (Williamsburg) Richmond Astronomical Society, 3/94 Illinois Commerce Commission, 3/94 (Springfield) Air and Waste Management Association, 4/94 (Phoenix) Reinhardt College, 4/94 (San Antonio) American Legislative Exchange Council, 4/94 (San Antonio) New College, University of Virginia, 4/94 American Feed Industries Association, 5/94 (San Antonio) National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners, 5/94 (Kalispell MT) Virginia Legislative Tour, 6/94 Virginia Governor's School, 7/94 (Richlands) Purdue University, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, 7/94 American Legislative Exchange Council, 8/94 (Tampa) Eris Society, 8/94 (Aspen) National Generation and Transmission Managers Association, 8/94 (Kansas City) Dixy Lee Ray Memorial Symposium, 8/94 (Seattle) Accuracy in Media, 9/94 (Tyson's Corner) Southern Minnesota Municipal Power, Annual Meeting, 10/94 (Rochester) Ciba Foundation, 10/94 (London) Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Society, 10/94 (Edinburg) American Water Works Association, Virginia Section, 10/94 (Charlottesville) U.S. Department of Commerce Interactive Conf. on Global Change, 11/94 (Williamsburg) Ethics and Public Policy Center, 11/94 (Washington) American Legislative Exchange Council Task Force on Environment, 12/94 (Washington) American Legislative Exchange Council Annual Orientation Meeting, 12/94 (Washington) George Mason University, Center for Market Processes, 12/94 (Alexandria) Electric Power Research Institute, 12/94 (Menlo Park CA) American Legislative Exchange Council Task Force on Environment 2/95 (Washington) Minnesota Legislature, ALEC (2/95) Jefferson Regional Council on Sustainable Development (2/95) Virginia Military Institute (2/95) United States Navy Environmental Health Center 3/95 (Hampton VA) Campbell University Assembly Seminar (3/95) American Policy Foundation, 3/95 (Washington DC) Virginia Mining Association, 4/95 (Norton) Minnesota Citizens League, 5/95 (Minneapolis) Woodbury Forest Student Assembly, 5/95 (Orange VA) Koch Industries, 5/95 (Minneapolis) American Nuclear Society, 6/95 (Philadelphia) University of Sydney, Global Change Seminar 7/95 (Sydney, Australia) The Independent Institute 7/95 (Sydney) CSIRO General Seminar 7/95 (Melbourne) Tasman Institute 7/95 (Melbourne) Western Fuels Association Annual Meeting 7/95 (Baton Rouge) American Legislative Exchange Council, Annual Meeting 8/95 (San Diego] National Forum on Global Warming 9/95 (Columbus OH) Tennessee Association of Manufacturers 10/95, [Nashville] Institute of Economic Affairs 10/95 [London] Texas Coal Conference 11/95 [Austin] Averett College 11/95 [Danville Colorado School of Mines 11/95 [Golden Denver Busniessmen's Association ll/95 U.S. House of Representatives, Subcommittee on the Environment 11/95 University of Virginia Environmental Sciences Seminar 11/95 University of Virginia Engineering Honor Society 11/95 Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Association 12/95 [Roanoke] World Bank 12/95 [Airlie Dark Ages Weekend 12/95 [Miami Marshall Institute Science Roundtable 1/96 [Washington] Western Mining Association 2/96 [Denver] Wyoming Legislators, ALEC 2/96 [Cheyenne] U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Science 3/96 Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences, Institute Seminar 3/96 Environmental Conservation Organization Annual Meeting 3/96 [Kansas City North Carolina Coal Institute 3/96 (Lake Lanier U.S. Naval Academy 4/96 Association of American Geographers, Plenary Address 4/96 [Charlotte] Edmund Burke Society, .3. Environmental Protection Agency 4/96 [Washington] College, Senior Seminar 4/96 Eastern Snow Conference, Keynote Address 5/96 New Zealand Business Roundtable 5/96 [Wellington] New Zealand Academy of Sciences 5/96 [Wellington] New Zealand General Ministerial Seminar 5/96 [Wellington] New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research 5/96 [Auckland] Auckland University, Department of Geography Seminar [Auckland] Australian Coal Conference 5/96 (Gold Coast, Queensland] Australian Department of Foreign Affairs 5/96 (Canberra] Australian Department of Industry and Primary Energy 5/96 [Canberra] Public Lecture, Australian Museum of Science 5/96 [Canberra] Australian Environment Ministry 5/96 [Canberra] Commonwealth Industrial and Scientific Organization 5/96 [Aspendale, Victoria, Australia] The Tasman Institute 5/96 [Melbourne] Institute of Economic Affairs, 6/96 [London] Cato Institute Policy Forum 6/96 (Washington) Governor's School for Science and Mathematics 8/96 Minnesota Environment and Labor Coalition 8/96 [Mille Lacs, Keynote Speaker, Virginia Air Board Annual Meeting 10/96 [Virginia Beach] Society of Environmental Journalists Annual Meeting 10/96 [St. Louis] Southern Legislative Conference 11/96 [Lewisburg Danville Tuesday Club 11/96 U.S. Naval Academy 11/96 [Annapolis] University of Virginia Retired Faculty Association (1/97) Department of Environmental Sciences Undergraduate Seminar (1/97) Tuckahoe Women's Club 1/97 (Richmond) American Meteorological Society 2/97 (Long Beach) Virginia Moth Association 2/97 (Luray) U.S. Naval Academy 3/97 (Annapolis) Colgate Darden School, University of Virginia, Ruffin Lectures 4/97 Employers Reinsurance Conference on Extreme Events, 4/97 (Miami) Eastern Fuel Buyers Association, 5/97 (Williamsburg) phex Society, 5/97 Extreme Events Workshop, National Climatic Data Center, 6/97 (Asheville) Foreign Relations Committee, .8. Senate, 6/97 People for the West, 6/97 (Spokane) Energy Daily Environment Conference, 6/97 (Washington DC) Competitive Enterprise Institute Kyoto Conference, 6/97 (Washington DC) Cato Institute, Benefactors Summit, 7/97 (Fort Garland CO) overnor's Science School, College, 7/97 Monash University, 8/97 (Canberra) Western Australia Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 8/97 (Perth) Cato Institute, 9/97 (Dallas) Washington Explorer's Club, 9/97 Virginia Division of Forestry, 9/97 (Douthat) Burlington Northern Santa Fe Headquarters, 10/97 (Fort Worth TX) Koch Industries Headquarters, 10/97 (Wichita KS) Koch Industries, 10/97 (Houston TX) U.S. Naval Academy, 11/97 Basin Electric, Annual Meeting, 11/97 Virginia Coal Council, 11/97 Virginia Senate Committee on Energy, 11/97 Duke University School of the Environment School Seminar, 11/97 National Energy Education Program, 1/98 [Washington George Mason University, Seniors Program, 2/98 Virginia Tech, Annual Corn and Soybean Conference, 2/98 (Williamsburg] International Insect Disease Vector Conference, 2/98 [Williamsburg] Corning Corporation, 3/98 [Corning, American Feed Industry Assoication, 3/98 [Las Vegas] North Carolina Hurricane Conference, 3/98 [Morehead City] University of Delaware, Geography Department Seminar, 3/98 North Carolina Coal Instutute, 4/98 [Greenville Charlottesville Woman's Club, 4/98 The Philadelphia Society, 4/98 (Chicago] College Senior Seminar, 4/98 National Regulatory Conference, 5/98 [Williamsburg] Charlottesville Rotary, 5/98 Amherst Rotary, 5/98 Applied Insurance Research, Inc, 5/98 [Colorado Springs] Annual Meeting, Society for Scientific Exploration, 5/98 [Charlottesville] Committee on Small Business, U.S. House of Representatives, 7/98 Governor's School for Mathematics and Science, College, 7/98 American Association of State Climatologists, 8/98 [Duluth Committee on Economic and Environmental Development, 9/98 [Abingdon Energy Daily Annual Conference, 9/98 [Washington Association of Urban Foresters, 9/98 [Charlottesville] Bucknell University, Deparatment of Geology, 10/98 Fundacion Republica, 10/98 [Buenos Aires] Universidad de Della, 10/98 [Buenos Aires] Air and Waste Management Association, 10/98 [Arlington Southern Coal Conference, 10/98 [Cincinnati] Virginia Assn. General Contractors, 10/98 [Charlottesville] Basin Electric, Annual Shareholders Meeting, 11/98 [Bismarck Annual Meeting, National Communication Association, 11/98 Virginia Farm Bureau, Annual Meeting, 11/98 [Roanoke] Tennessee Feed and Grain Association, 12/98 [Memphis College, Senior Seminar, 12/98 Winter Weather Conference, National Weather Service 12/98 [Wakefield] Hope College Senior Tour, 1/99 [Washington] Charlottesville Retired Professional Association, 1/99 Virginia Crop Production Association, 1/99 [Williamsburg] Congressional Forum on Global Change, State University, 1/99 Competitive Enterprise Institute, 2/99 [Washington Virginia Agcirultural Extension Service, 2/99 [Harrisonburg] U.S. Department of Defense, National Security Study Group, 2/99 [Arlington Hampden?Sydney College, Presidential Debate Series, 2/99 North American Millers Association, 3/99 [Sanibel Blue Ridge Community College, 3/99 Virginia Severe Weather Conference, 3/99 [Williamsburg] Maine Conservation Association, 3/99 [Bangor] Randolph-Macon College, Environment Day Seminar, 4/99 Louisiana State University, President's Distinguished Lecture Series, 4/99 National Center for Policy Analysis, 5/99 [Washington Leaf Tobacco Association, 6/99 [Greenbrier Bright Belt Leaf Association, 6/99 [Hilton Head Wyoming Mining Association, 6/99 [Casper] Virginia Tech, Piedmont Research Station Field Day, 8/99 [Orange] Dixy Lee Ray Memorial Symposium, 8/99 [Washington Society of Environmental Journalists, 9/99 [Los Angeles] Arthur Laffer Associates, 9/99 [Washington Southern Minnesota Municipal Power Association, 9/99 [Rochester] U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Government Oversight, 10/99 American Road and Transportation Builders Association, 10/99 [Roanoke] North American Millers Association, 10/99 [Amelia Island Geological Society of America, 10/99 [Denver] Cooler Heads Coalition, 11/99 [Washington International Society for Biometeorology, 11/99 [Sydney; Presented by R. Davis] University Seminar, Mary Baldwin College, 12/99 Winter Weather Conference, 12/99 [Wakefield] Virgnia Foundation for Public Policy, [Richmond] Retired Officer's Association, 1/00 [Charlottesville] Navy Environmental Health Center, 2/00 [Norfolk] Westvaco Corporation, 2/00 [Covington Tennessee Road Builders Association, 2/00 [Palm Beach University of Texas, Lyndon Johnson Institute. 3/00 [Austin] American Rose Society, 3/00 [Staunton Virginia Association of Economists, 3/00 [Roanoke] Virginia Emergency Management Conference, 3/00 [Williamsburg] Applied Insurance Research, 4/00 [Tucson] University of Washington, Dept. of Atmospheric Science, 4/00 [Seattle] American Meteorological Society, 5/00 [Asheville North Carolina Coal Institute. 7/00 Beach Western Fuels Association Annual Meeting, 7/00 [Vail Arkansas Electric Cooperative Association, 7/00 [Eureka Springs Virginia Department of Fish and Game, 8/00 [Radford] Rice University, James K. Baker Institute, 9/00 [Houston ENO Trasnportation Forum, 9/00 [Washington Cato Institute City Seminar, 9/00 [Houston University of Virginia Envi. Sci. Undergraduate Seminar, 10/00 Pocahontas Coal Association, 10/00 [Bluefield Milliken University Distinguished Lecture, 11/00 [Decatur Virginia Soil and Water Conservation Association, 11/00 [Warrenton] Virginia Tech Turfgrass Mangement Conference 11/00[Virginia Beach] University of Rochester, Department of Physics Seminar, 1/01 Environmental Science Organization, University of Virginia 2/01 Cato Institute, Benefactors Summit, 2/01 [Cancun] The Washington Club, Washington DC, 3/01 College of William and Mary, Senior Seminar, 3/01 [Williamsburg] Patrick Henry Supper Club, 5/01 [Richmond] American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 6/01 [New Orleans] John Locke Society, 7/01 [Raleigh] American Association of State Climatologists, 8/01 [Omaha] American Meteorological Society, 8/01 [Halifax College, 10/01 North Carolina State University, Anniversary Symposium, 10/01 [Raleigh] Maryland Association of Republican Women, 10/01 [Columbia Frontiers of Freedom Foundation, 11/01 [Washington Air and Waste Management Association Annual Meeting 11/01 [Richmond] State University Hazleton, 1/02 State University, Schuylkill, 1/02 Virginia Tech, Forage and Grassland Council 2/02 [Raphine Wyoming Legislature [Cheyenne] 2/02 Colorado Mining Association [Denver] 2/02 Sweet Briar College 3/02 Georgia Legislature [Atlanta] 3/02 University of Toledo, College of Law 3/02 Legislature [Harrisburg] 3/02 Virginia Military Institute Environment Conference 4/02 American Legislative Exchange Council Environment Summit [Las Vegas] 4/02 Annual Drought Conference, National Climatic Data Center [Asheville] 4/02 American Meteorological Society [Portland 4/02 Virginia Tech Small Grains Conference [Warsaw 5/02 National League of Cities [Miami 5/02 ALEC Illinois Legislative Briefing [Chicago] 5/02 California Legislature [Sacramento] 7/02 Cato Congressional Forum [Washington] 7/02 U.S. House of Representatives, on Oversight and Invest. 7/02 Department of Envi. Sci. Undergraduate Seminar 9/02 DePaul University, Conference on 21St Century Challenges [Chicago] 9/02 Cato Institute Club 200 Summit [Carmel 9/02 American Society of Civil Engineering [Charlottesville] 10/02 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Public Outreach 10/02 National Press Club, Canada [Ottawa] 11/02 Climate Change Science Program, Planning Meeting [Washington] 12/02 Debates Canada [Ottawa] 12/02 American Legislative Exchange Council [Denver] 1/03 Southeastern Regional Climatologist Conference [Tallahassee] 1/03 Virginia Tech, Virginia Forage and Grassland Council [Dublin 2/03 Maine Legislature [Augusta 3/03 Montana Legislature [Helena 3/03 Virginia Community College Science Teachers Association [Roanoke] 4/03 George Mason University, Department of Envi. Sci. and Policy 4/03 American Legislative Exchange Council Annual Energy Summit [Miami] 4/03 Atmospheric Science Seminar, University of Virginia 5/03 Millersville University (PA) 5/03 U.S. House of Representatives, Capitol Hill Briefing 7/03 American Legislative Exchange Council, Annual Meeting [Washington] 7/03 American Association of State Climatologists [Portland 8/03 Virginia Christmas Tree Growers Association [Natural Bridge] 8/03 Michigan Attorney General Staff [Lansing] 9/03 University of Virginia College Republicans 9/03 American Legislative Exchange Council [Boston] 9/03 Virginia Tech, Commonwealth Governor's School [Orange] 10/03 Virginia Tech, Department of Forestry Seminar 11/03 German Academy of Engineering [Koln] 11/03 Ball State University, Geography Week Keynote [ll/03 Virginia Coastal Commission [Williamsburg] 12/03 Cato Institute [Washington 12/03 American Legislative Exchange Council [San Francisco] 1/04 University of Virginia School of Engineering and Applied Science 1/04 Shenandoah Valley Regional Governor?s School 2/04 Connecticut Legislature [Hartford] 2/04 Virginia State Feed Association [Charlottesville] 2/04 Connecticut Legislature [Hartford] 3/04 Staff Briefing, U.S. House of Representatives 3/04 Randolph-Macon University [Ashland 4/04 Competitive Enterprise Institute [Washington 6/04 American Association of State Climatologists [Ithaca 8/04 Eris Society [Aspen 8/04 Virginia Manufacturers Association [Richmond] 12/04 Cato Institute Book Forum [Washington 12/04 Virginia Corn Growers Association [New Kent 1/05 Virginia Dairymen's Association [Staunton] 1/05 Duquesne University School of Law [Pittsburgh] 1/05 American Legislative Exchange Council [Seattle] 2/05 Western Reforestation Association [Coeur d? Alene 2/05 Cato Institute Club 200 [Grand Cayman] 2/05 United Nations Association [Washington 3/05 James Madison University [Harrisonburg 3/05 National Generation and Transmission Managers [Pinehurst 4/05 Fundacion Rafael de Pino [Madrid] 5/05 Oxford Union Debating Society [Oxford] 5/05 HBSC Bank Leadership Forum [London] 6/05 Virginia Forest Products Association [Hot Springs 7/05 Virginia Maryland Delaware Electric Cooperative Association [Norfolk] 7/05 Tennessee Farm Bureau [Nashville] 8/05 HSBC Bank Leadership Forum [London] 9/05 Salisbury University, Distinguished Speaker Series [Salisbury 10/05 Bridgewater College, Distinguished Speaker Series 10/05 Washington and Lee University, School of Law 10/05 Virginia Governor's School for Arts and Sciences [Staunton] 11/05 Western Business Roundtable [Carefree 11/05 Virginia Tech, Program in Natural Resources [Alexandria 2/06 American University, Issues Forum [Washington] 2/06 Marshall Institute Briefing, House of Representatives 2/06 Piedmont Master Gardeners [Charlottesville] 3/06 University of North Carolina College Republicans [Chapel Hill] 3/06 North Carolina Climate Commission [Raleigh] 3/06 John Locke Foundation [Raleigh] 3/06 HSBC Bank Leadership Forum [London] 4/06 JLT Insurance Institute [Lugano, Switzerland] 5/06 Virginia Academy of Sciences Negus Lecture 5/06 Albemarle County Farm Bureau 8/06 Bavarian?American Exchange Program [Washington] 8/06 Virginia Manufacturers Association [Richmond] 9/06 Heritage Foundation [Washington 9/06] Cato Institute, Club 200 Seminar [Greenbrier 9/06 Heritage Foundation [Washington] 10/06 Oberlin College General Lecture Series [Oberlin 10/06 Richmond Rotary 10/06 North Carolina Forestry Association [Southern Pines 10/06 University of Georgia, Geography Department Seminar [Athens 11/06 Western Business Roundtable [Beaver Creek 11/06 Chesapeake Bay Foundation [Edgewater 12/06 Virginia Crop Production Association [Richmond] 1/07 World Affairs Council [Richmond] 2/07 James Madison University Washington Semester [Washington] 2/07 Minnesota Property Rights Coalition [Minneapolis] 3/07 Heartland Institute Legislative Summit [Chicago] 3/07 Ferrum College Evening Lecture Series [Ferrum 3/07 U.S Department of State Brazil Exchange [Washington] 4/07 Capitol Hill Briefing, Cato Institute 4/07 Leadership Program of the Rockies [Parker 4/07 Committee for a Constructive Tomorrow [Madison 4/07 Texas Alliance of Energy Producers [Wichita Falls] 4/07 Indiana Coal Association [Evansville] 5/07 North Carolina Electric Utility Association [Pinehurst] 5/07 Energy and Transportation Study Group [Detroit] 7/07 American Association of State Climatologists [Coeur d?Alene 7/07 Heartland Institute Legislative Summit [Providence 8/07 Georgia Legislature Environment Committee 8/07 Florida Women's Republicans [Orlando] 8/07 Georgia Tech, Dept Earth and Atmospheric Sciences 9/07 American Academy of Environmental Engineers [Hampton 9/07 US Deparatment of Agriculture Graduate School 9/07 East Texas Baptist University?wide seminar [Marshall] 10/07 California State University?Fullerton University Seminar 10/07 National Association of Homebuilders [San Juan 10/07 Hanover College Capstone Series [Hanover ll/07 State Policy Network [Washington] 12/07 International Regulatory Conference [Berlin] 12/07 Leadership Program of the Rockies [Colorado Springs] 2/08 Capitol Hill Briefing, U.S. House of Representatives 2/08 Heartland Conference on Climate Change [New York] 3/08 Canadian Oil Drilling Contractors [Calgary 3/08 International Arctic Mining Symposium [Fairbanks] 3/08 University of Alaska, Geophysical Institute 3/08 IBMEC Sao Paulo [Brasil] 3/08 Friends of Science [Calgary 5/08 Colorado College Washington Seminar 5/08 Hampden Sydney Alumni College 6/08 Hudson Institute 9/08 American Association of Petroleum Geologists 10/08 [Pittsburgh] Fundacion Rafael del Pino [Madrid] 10/08 Ethical Council, Sweeden [Washington 11/08 *Top Ten Speaking Platforms in the U.S. (According to Fortune 250 CEOs) THE VIRGINIA CLIMATE ADVISORY The Advisory is a quarterly publication of the State Climatology Office, targeted for Education, Governmental Agencies, and the educated layman. Current circulation is approximately 4,000.In 1993, the Advisory was selected by the American Library Association as one of the 60 "best government information sources" in the world. 1980. 4 (1) Degree?days and energy usage in Virginia. 27pp. 1980. 4 (2) Modelling soybean/climate relationships. 24pp. 1980. 4 (3) History of tropical cyclones in Virginia. 33pp. 1981. 4 (4) History of drought in Virginia. 27pp. 1981. 5 (1) Satellite climatology. 26pp. 1981. 5 (2) Acid rainfall in Virginia. 26pp. 1981. 5 (3) Winter severity over Virginia. 26pp. 1982. 5 (4) Coastal cyclogenesis. 26pp. 1982. 6 (1) History of tornadoes in Virginia. 26pp. 1982. 6 (2) Lightning and damaging thunderstorms in Virginia. 26pp. 1982. 6 (3) Thunderstorm patterns over Virginia. 26pp. 1983. 6 (4) Virginia wind patterns. 26pp. 1983. 7 (1) Virginia fog frequency and distribution. 26pp. 1983. 7 (2) Origin and distribution of summertime haze over Virginia. 26pp. 1983. 7 (3) Mountain temperature regimes. 26pp. 1984. 7 (4) The Carbon Dioxide controversy. 26pp. 1984. 8 (1) Precipitation and Elevation. 30pp. 1984. 8 (2) Improvements for Virginia Thunderstorm Forecasts. 30pp. 1984. 8 (3) Vineyard Microclimate. 30pp. 1985. 8 (4) Objective Improvement of Local Temperature Forecasts. 30pp. 1985. 9 (1) Radar Climatology of Piedmont Thunderstorms. 30pp. 1985. 1985. 1986. 1986. 1986. 1986. 1987. 1987. 1987. 1987. 1988. 1988. 1988. 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1991 1991 1991 1992 1992 1992 1992 1993 1993 1993 1993 1993 1994 1994 1994 1995 1995 1995 1996 1996 1996 1996 1997 1997 (1) Cumulus Clusters. 30pp. Hurricane Gloria. 30pp. Winter History since 1890. 30pp. Climate and High-Level Nuclear Waste Disposal. 30pp. Carbon Dioxide/Climate Revisited. 30pp. Virginia Acid Rain Research. 30pp. Hurricanes, Drought, and Va Agriculture. 30pp. The Ozone Hole and Nuclear Winter. 30pp. Virginia Evaporation Regimes. 30pp. Virginia Snow Phobia. 30pp. Updated Climatic History. 30pp. Historical Floods. 30pp. Acid Precipitation Trajectories. 30pp. Eastern Shore Hurricane History. 30pp. Eastern Shore Northeaster History. 30pp. Testimony on Greenhouse Effect. 30pp. Hurricane Camille. 30pp. Hurricane Hugo. 30pp. Scales of Temperature Variation. 30pp. Climate of Saudi Arabia. 30pp. Sleet and Freezing Rain in Virginia. 30pp. Virginia Growing Season Trends. 30pp. Heat Stress. 30pp. Autumn Color Change. 30pp. 15 Years of the Advisory . 30pp. Northeasters. 30pp. 30pp. Hurricane Andrew. 30pp. Annual Temperature Regimes. 30pp. Blizzard of 1993. 30pp. Tree Mortality. 30pp. Cyclones and Climate Change. 30pp. Regional Visibility. 30pp. Rainfall Recurrence Intervals. 30pp. United Nations Climate Treaties. 30pp. Anticyclonic History. 30pp. Improving Ice Storm Forecasts. 30pp. Hot Weather Mortality. 30pp. Internet Weather. 30pp. Forecast Model on Internet. 30pp. Winter of 1996. 30pp. Annual Rainfall Climatology. 30pp. Annual Snowfall Climatology. 30pp. Extreme Temperatures in Virginia. 30pp. Extratropical Cyclones. 30pp. 1997 21 (2) Regional Rainfall Extremes. 30pp. 1997 21 (3) Lack of El Nino influence in Virginia. 30pp. 1998 21 (4) 1998 22 1998 22 (2) 1998 22 (3) 1999 22 (4) Snowfall and Winter History. 30pp. 1999 23 (1) Indications of Climate Change. 30pp. 1999 23 (2) 1999 Drought in Perspective 1999 Virginia Climate Advisory Online, beginning December, 1999. 2000 Online: Weather vs. Infrastructural Droughts Virginia Climate: 1999 in Perspective Book Review: The Global Stupidstorm The Current Wisdom (Recent research in climate science) Cherry Blossoms in DC Growing Climate Concern Just the Facts Please (Spring weather history) A Closer Look at Visibility A Careful Look at the New National Assessment Not-so-hot Wet, Cool Weather Doesn't Bug Asian Tiger Mosquito Record Cold Comparison October Sets All-Time Record Low for Precipitation Cold Turkey (Cold Thanksgiving History) Luke?Cold Leftover Turkey (2000 in Perspective) Dreaming of a White Christmas? Inaugural Weather 2001 Online Too Cool for Words (Historical Perspective on Winter Cold) Energy Usage vs. Cold Winters Drought Task Force Makes Rain Doppler Radar and Local Moisture Monitoring National Academy Report on Global Warming The Current Wisdom Urbanization vs. True Warming in Virginia Records Long Range Forecast Models Precipitation and Water Shortages in Perspective 2002 Online (Virginia Drought Emergency in 2002 shifted Advisories to Drought Updates) 1932: The Year Without a Winter Drought Report from the State Climatology Office: 3/12, 4/10, 5/1 Summer of 1930: Harbinger of 2002? Drought Report from the State Climatology Office 6/3, 7/2, 8/16, 8/19, 9/23, 10/22, 11/21. 2003 Online Snowfall Records New Plant Hardiness Zones Twenty Days and Twenty Nights?excessive rain days In a Rainy Daze? Isabel and Virginia?s Vegetation Problem Record Annual Virginia Rainfall VIDEO CLIMATE ADVISORY In January, 2003, the State Climatology Office switched largely to video Advisories, broadcast statewide on Public Television, Local Access, and Commerical broadcast (the last as Spots vary between 1.5 and 2.5 minutes. Advisories are produced by the Virginia Farm Bureau. 2003: Sleet and Freezing Rain in the Mid Atlantic (Jan) El Nino/La Nina (Feb) Transitional Season Weather (Mar) Tornadoes in Virginia (Apr) Moisture and Temperature (May) Hurricane Season Forecasts (Jun) Dew Point Temperatures (Jul) Wet Start to 2003 (Aug) History of Excessive Virginia Precipitation (Sep) Jet Stream and Precipitation (Oct) Isabel Damage (Nov) White Christmas Probability (Dec) 2004: The Farmer?s Almanac (Jan) Precipitation Records in 2003 (Feb) Virginia Temperature Histories (Mar) Virginia Crop Yields (Apr) Virginia Precipitation Histories (May) Trends in Extreme Temperatures (Jun) Hurricane Season Outlook (Jul) Home Weather Instrumentation (Aug) Summer Temperature Departures (Sep) Summer Precipitation (Oct) Perceived Winter Cold (Nov) Record-Breaking Hurricane Season (Dec) 2005: Heating Degree Days (Jan) Snowfall and North Atlantic Oscillation (Feb) Late Season Snows (Mar) Late Spring Frost (Apr) Spring Moisture Status (May) THE SOUTHEASTERN CLIMATE REVIEW The Southeastern Climate Review is a technical and public service publication of the Southeast Regional Climate Center. Circulation is approximately 4,500. 1989 (1) Background on Climatic Change. 30pp. 1989 1 (2) Hurricane Camille. 30pp. 1989 1989 1990 1990 1990 1991 1992 1992 1 (3) Hurricane Hugo. 30pp. 1 (4) Severe Cold Outbreaks. 30pp. 2 (1) Drought Preparedness. 30pp. 2 (2) 1990 Atlantic Hurricane Recap. 30pp. 2 (3) El Nino and Florida Wildfires. 30pp. 2 (4) Southeastern Growing Seasons. 30pp. 3 (1) Heavy Rainfall Events. 30pp. 3 (2) Climate Change and Fishery Harvest. 30pp. WORLD CLIMATE REVIEW A quarterly national publication with a circulation of 15,000 reviewing current science and policy trends relating to Global Climatic Change. Publication began in Fall, 1992, and terminated in Spring, 1995. Each issue averaged 26 pages. GOVERNMENT ADVISORY SERVICE (Reviewer, pdate) Governor' Governor' Virginia Virginia Services??Avian Influenza, Virginia Governor' Governor' Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia U.S. U.S. United Nations, 1990; Governor' Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Virginia Governor' Virginia Virginia Environmental Protection Agency Global Change Initiative, Geological Survey, 5 Inquiry??l980 drought Inquiry?-l981 drought Farm Bureau--l983 drought Department of Agriculture and Consumer 1983-4 Air Pollution Control Board?~Acid Precipitation, 5 Task Force the Disposal of High?Level Nuclear Waste, 5 Task Force on Drought, 1986-present Office of Economic Development, 1986-present Film Office, 1986-present Division of Forestry, 1982?1987 Water Resources Research Center, 1984?1987 1986. 1986 1987 1988, 1991 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Contributor and Reviewer, 1992; Contributor, 1995 5 Representative, Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative Cooperative Extension Service Institute of Marine Science State Police Department of Mines, State Viticulturalist Department of Transportation Division of Emergency Services Department of Health Medical Examiner's Office Museum of Natural History 8 Cabinet Department of Commerce and Resources Disaster Assistance Program Minerals and Energy Various Commonwealth's Attorney Offices Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries James Madison University Henrico County Police Department Chesterfield County Police Department Richmond Police Cities of Charlottesville and Newport News For Further listings, see Annual Reports on file at University of Virginia FINANCIAL SUPPORT (OVER $10,000) l980?Present. Research Faculty and Staff Support, State Climatology Office. $2,500,000 (est). Current biennial (Active) portion: $170,000 [Active] 1981?1985. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Prediction models for Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks. $133,000. 1981-1982. United States Department of Agriculture, Economics Research Service. Statistical-Dynamic Models for Virginia Corn and Soybean Yields. $25,000. 1982-1984. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Sea Grant Program. High Resolution Weather Forecasts for Chesapeake Bay and Estuarine Virginia. $84,000. 1983-1985. National Aeronautic and Space Administration. Sea Breeze-Induced Mesoscale Systems and Severe Weather. 526,000. 1985-1986. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Historical fluctuations of Moth Populations and Climate. $18,000. 1986-1987. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Objective Characterization of the Relationship between Seasonal Wind Regimes and the Recruitment of Croaker and Flounder. $41,000 1986?1988. Commonwealth of Virginia, State Air Pollution Control Board. Origin and Destination of Pollutant-bearing Airstreams Entering and Exiting the Commonwealth of Virginia. $140,000. 1989-1990. Jet Stream Alterations Induced by Anthropogenerated Sulfur Emissions. Cyprus Minerals Company. $40,000. 1989-1993 U.S. Department of Commerce/Southeastern Regional Climate Center. Research Publication for the Southeastern Climate Center. $135 ,000. 1991?1992. Anonymous. Research Support for Climatic Change. $50,000. 1992?1995. Edison Electric Institute. Literature Review of Climatic Change and Updates. $25,000 1992-1993. Western Fuels Association. Research on Global Climatic Change. $63,000 1994-96. Gesamtverband des Deutschen Stenkohlenbergbaus, Fed. Rep. of Germany, $98,000 1995?2000. Commonwealth of Virginia, Department of Environmental Quality. Research on science and policy on global warming. $195,000 1996?1999. U.S. Department of Commerce. Cold Air Volume and Persistence in the Mid-Atlantic Region. $90,000. 1996?1998. U.S. Department of Energy. Greenhouse Influences on Diurnal Warming and Cooling Rates. $100,000 1998-2000. Virginia State Air Pollution Control Board. Development of Operational Ozone Forecasts for the Commonwealth of Virginia. %35,986. 1998-2000. Cato Institute. Support for writing of The Satanic Gases. $78,000 2001?2003. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality. Atmospheric Transport and Concentrations of Mercury in Virginia Fish Samples. $75,400 2003?2005. High Resolution Drought Impact Monitoring. Virginia Department of Environmental Quality $99,471 2004-2005. Integrated Climatic Database for Shenandoah National Park. $40,826 2006-2007. Air Quality Climatology for Shenandoah National Park. NOAA SHENAIR Program, Subcontract from James Madison University $100,505